The Impact of Late Diagnosis on Child Development

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of late diagnosis on child development, particularly within the context of neurodevelopmental disorders, with an emphasis on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Child development is a complex process involving cognitive, social, emotional, and motor aspects; thus, the early identification of potential abnormalities is crucial for implementing appropriate interventions. In this context, a failure to identify early signs of neurodevelopmental disorders can delay a child's access to interventions and support strategies tailored to their needs, potentially affecting various areas of development. Literature indicates that early intervention can foster child development and enhance skill acquisition. According to the theoretical contributions of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, learning and development processes are directly linked to experiences during childhood as well as to social interactions and mediations. Accordingly, contemporary studies indicate that interventions carried out during the first years of life can facilitate the acquisition of cognitive, social, and communication skills (Girianelli et al., 2023; Kittlaus et al., 2025). Conversely, delays in identification and diagnosis can postpone access to interventions and support strategies, potentially impacting the child's overall development, especially in cases of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Rocha et al., 2023). This study discusses the main factors contributing to late diagnosis, such as a lack of information, difficulties in accessing health and education services, and insufficient professional training regarding the identification of early signs. It is concluded that early identification and diagnosis are essential for recognizing a child's needs and facilitating timely access to intervention and support strategies. Thus, this study aims to contribute to expanding knowledge on the subject, reinforcing the need for public policies and educational practices that foster early identification and appropriate monitoring of children during their development.