Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in the treatment of obesity: an analysis of its therapeutic role

Abstract

Obesity is a major public health issue characterized by excess adiposity and associated with the development of various chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, tirzepatide—a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist—has demonstrated significant results regarding metabolic control and body weight reduction. Objective: To analyze available scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in treating obesity and overweight. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review with a qualitative approach, conducted through the search, selection, analysis, and synthesis of scientific evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in obesity treatment and an analysis of its therapeutic role. Results: The analyzed studies showed a significant reduction in body weight with the use of tirzepatide, including a higher likelihood of achieving clinically relevant weight loss compared to placebo and, in various studies, to other incretin-based medications. Favorable effects on metabolic parameters, particularly glycemic control, were observed. Regarding safety, gastrointestinal events—such as nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and constipation—were the most frequently reported adverse effects. Although no consistent increase in serious adverse events or mortality was identified, some evidence was of low or very low certainty, particularly concerning long-term effects. Conclusion: Tirzepatide demonstrates high efficacy in reducing body weight and offers significant metabolic benefits; however, its use must take into account tolerability, adverse events, and the limitations of the available evidence.