The importance of vitamin B12 supplementation in bariatric patients: prevention of megaloblastic anemia and associated health risks
Keywords:
Vitamin B12, Nutritional supplementation, Bariatric surgery, Megaloblastic anemiaAbstract
Introduction: Obesity is a chronic condition linked to various diseases and high mortality. With the increase in cases in Brazil, bariatric surgery has been an effective alternative for weight loss and control of comorbidities. However, this procedure can cause nutritional deficiencies, especially of vitamin B12, whose absorption is impaired. A lack of this vitamin can lead to megaloblastic anemia, affecting neurological and hematological health. For this reason, adequate supplementation in the post-operative period is essential. This study highlights the importance of vitamin B12 in preventing anemia and promoting public health. Objective: To analyze the importance of vitamin B12 in patients undergoing bariatric surgery Methodology: This study is based on qualitative and exploratory research through a literature review, with the objective of analyzing the importance of vitamin B12 supplementation in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, especially in the prevention of megaloblastic anemia. Data was collected from books, specialized journals and scientific articles available on databases such as Pubmed, SciELO, LILACS and Google Scholar. Results: Vitamin B12 is essential for metabolic and neurological functions and is mainly obtained from animal foods. After bariatric surgery, its absorption can be impaired, resulting in deficiency and the risk of megaloblastic anemia. This condition compromises the production of red blood cells and affects the nervous system. Adequate B12 supplementation is therefore essential to prevent complications and maintain patients' health. Conclusion: The analysis of the data concluded that vitamin B12 supplementation is essential for the prevention of megaloblastic anemia in bariatric patients, due to the anatomical and physiological changes that compromise its absorption. Cobalamin is essential for the synthesis of DNA, the production of red blood cells and neurological functioning, requiring individualized monitoring in the post-operative period. Route choice should reflect clinical severity and absorption.
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