A responsabilidade contratual das agências de viagens e turismo pelos atos de prestadores de serviços terceiros: um estudo jurídico comparado
Palavras-chave:
contrato de turismo, turista-consumidor, prestadores de serviços, atos de terceiros, responsabilidade contratualResumo
As regras que disciplinam a responsabilidade contratual das agências de viagens e turismo centraram-se, tradicionalmente, na sua obrigação de executar o programa turístico acordado com o turista-cliente, responsabilizando-as sobretudo pela culpa própria causadora de dano ao turista. Todavia, este quadro conheceu uma evolução significativa. Na era contemporânea, marcada pelo progresso tecnológico, pela especialização, pela divisão do trabalho e pela sofisticação dos serviços turísticos, as agências de viagens—enquanto profissionais especializados—dependem cada vez mais de prestadores de serviços terceiros (hoteleiros, transportadores, operadores de restauração) para assegurar a segurança e a qualidade dos serviços turísticos prestados ao turista-consumidor. Este desenvolvimento deu origem a um novo conceito jurídico: a responsabilidade contratual das agências de viagens e turismo pelos atos dos prestadores de serviços terceiros encarregados da execução das obrigações contratuais, em particular no âmbito das viagens organizadas. Uma vez estabelecida esta responsabilidade, faculta-se ao cliente a possibilidade de exigir diretamente da agência a reparação dos danos sofridos, em vez de demandar o prestador de serviços, atendendo à proximidade da agência em relação ao cliente, à existência de um vínculo contratual direto entre ambos e ao facto de o cliente conhecer e identificar a agência como a sua contraparte contratual.
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