The Importance of Early Intervention in the Development of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Abstract

Early intervention in autism has become increasingly possible due to earlier identification, beginning as early as 18 months of age. Identification has been based on specific difficulties in orienting toward social stimuli, social eye contact, joint attention, motor imitation, and symbolic play (Baron-Cohen et al., 1992). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an early onset, characterized primarily by impairments in reciprocal social communication and social interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (Almeida et al., 2021). It is estimated that ASD affects approximately 1% of the population and is four times more prevalent among males than females (Christensen et al., 2016, as cited in Griesi-Oliveira & Sertié, 2017). Screening during early childhood and the early identification of risk signs are essential. Robust scientific evidence indicates that the earlier treatment is initiated, the better the outcomes in terms of cognitive and language development, thereby increasing the likelihood of a more favorable prognosis (Almeida et al., 2021).